Otázky s chybnou odpovědí, č.j. 3081155
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEST:autumn12  Varianta:4         Tisknuto:17/12/2019
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  2. ( 25.orig.) Biochemical mechanisms occurring in bacterial resistance include:
 1) + The development of alternative biochemical pathways. (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  4. ( 18.orig.) You have recently identified a new toxin. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin?
 1) + exotoxin (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - endotoxin (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  6. (  5.orig.) Lysozyme degrades
 4) - capsular polysaccharide (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. (  7.orig.) Which is true for endotoxins? 
 2) - Toxoids are used to immunize (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. ( 21.orig.) A gene coding for which of the following proteins is likely to be found in a genomic island of a pathogenic bacterial strain and not found in a non-pathogenic strain?
 2) - RNA polymerase protein (zaškrtl-a)
 3) + host cell attachment protein (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 14. ( 12.orig.) Which of the following cell types is considered a professional antigen-presenting cell? 
 4) + B cell (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 15. ( 13.orig.) A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered:
 2) - A toxoid (zaškrtl-a)
 3) + Attenuated (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 16. ( 17.orig.) Which type of genetic exchange in bacteria is susceptible to the activity of deoxyribonuclease?
 2) - Transduction (zaškrtl-a)
 4) - Conjugation (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 17. ( 24.orig.) Microbial exotoxins posses which of the following activities?
 2) + all of the above (nezaškrtl-a)
 3) - disruption of host-cell membranes (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 32. ( 20.orig.) Extracellular pathogens can attempt to avoid immune detection by
 3) - inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 33. ( 15.orig.) Which of the following best explains the reaction that takes place in the latex agglutination slide test for CRP?
 1) + Latex particles are coated with anti-CRP (nezaškrtl-a)
 2) - Latex particles are coated with CRP (zaškrtl-a)
 3) - CRP is acting as an antibody (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 38. (  9.orig.) Bacterial H antigen is derived from
 2) + flagellin (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - endotoxin (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 51. ( 19.orig.) Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following?
 2) - degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen (zaškrtl-a)
 4) + degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 54. ( 11.orig.) Complement component C3b:
 1) - Is chemotactic. (zaškrtl-a)
 4) + Opsonizes bacteria. (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 55. (  6.orig.) Beta-lactam antibiotics are correctly described as all of the following EXCEPT
 1) - more bactericidal against growing bacteria than against nongrowing bacteria (zaškrtl-a)
 2) + potent antimycotic agents (nezaškrtl-a)
 3) - semisynthetic or produced naturally by microbes (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 64. ( 22.orig.) Fresh cell-culture media and media that a bacterial strain was grown in are injected separately into different mice. Only the mice that received the bacterial-exposed media become ill, but this effect is negated by first treating the media with a proteinase. This finding suggests that
 1) - the bacteria secrete a non-protein exotoxin. (zaškrtl-a)
 2) + the bacteria secrete a protein exotoxin. (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEST:autumn2  Varianta:4         Tisknuto:17/12/2019
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  3. (  1.orig.) Regarding the effect of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) on bacteria, which one of the following organisms is LEAST likely to be resistant?
 1) - Enterococcus faecalis(zaškrtl-a)
 3) + Streptococcus pyogenes(nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  9. (  4.orig.) Puerperal fever is a streptococcal infection of the
 1) - skin (zaškrtl-a)
 2) + uterus (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 10. ( 11.orig.) Staphylococcal food poisoning usually manifests itself following ingestion of contaminated food after
 1) + 2-6 hours (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - 8-12 hours (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 11. (  3.orig.) Streptococus pyogenes comprises which Lancefield group?
 1) - B (zaškrtl-a)
 4) + A (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 12. ( 27.orig.) Causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates include:
 1) + Streptococcus pneumoniae(nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 13. ( 20.orig.) Bacteria commonly acquired from animals include
 1) - Legionella pneumophila(zaškrtl-a)
 2) - Corynebacterium diphtheriae(zaškrtl-a)
 4) + Listeria monocytogenes(nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 18. ( 35.orig.) Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be diagnosed from the pigment, known as
 2) + Pyocyanin (nezaškrtl-a)
 3) + Pyorubrin (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) + Pyomelanin (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 21. ( 37.orig.) The substance(s) which can be produced by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is/are
 3) + Haemolysins (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) + Exotoxins A and S (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 22. ( 19.orig.) BCG vaccine protects against which of the following?
 4) - Salmonella typhi(zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 23. ( 32.orig.) Which of the following bacteria has the lowest 50% infective dose (ID50)?
 1) - Campylobacter jejuni(zaškrtl-a)
 4) + Shigella sonnei(nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 24. (  6.orig.) A positive Mantoux test indicates an area of induration of
 2) - 0 mm (no induration) (zaškrtl-a)
 3) + 10 mm or more in diameter (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 31. ( 15.orig.) Inactivated viral vaccines are available for
 1) + influenza (nezaškrtl-a)
 2) - measles (zaškrtl-a)
 3) + hepatitis A  (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - mumps (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 37. ( 34.orig.) The antistreptolysin O titre is raised in infections caused by
 3) - Streptococcus pneumoniae(zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 40. ( 23.orig.) All the following statements regarding etiologic agents of Chancroid are correct except:
 1) + The organism grow well on Standard Chocolate Agar (nezaškrtl-a)
 3) - The organism is susceptible to erythromycin (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 41. ( 14.orig.) Which is the most common form of anthrax? 
 2) - Gastrointestinal anthrax (zaškrtl-a)
 4) + Cutaneous anthrax (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 43. (  2.orig.) Which of the following microorganism causes lesions in the form of abscesses?
 2) + Staphylococcus aureus(nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - Streptococcus pyogenes(zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 45. ( 10.orig.) The toxin of Staphylococcus aureus that may result into scalded skin syndrome is
 3) - Enterotoxin (zaškrtl-a)
 4) + Epidermolytic toxin (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 46. ( 21.orig.) Mark correct answer(s): 
 3) + Listeria monocytogenes is found in very high numbers in the amniotic fluid of congenitally infected infants. (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 47. ( 39.orig.) Cholera toxin
 4) - causes a decrease in the amount of cAMP in intestinal epithelial cells (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 49. ( 40.orig.) Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of which of the following diseases?
 2) - gastric ulcers (zaškrtl-a)
 3) + bacterial gastroenteritis (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 59. ( 33.orig.) Which type of Escherichia coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome? 
 1) + EHEC (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - ETEC (zaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 61. ( 28.orig.) Neisseria meningitis
 1) + It exists as normal flora in the nasopharynx of up to 5-15% of adults. (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) + Can be is spread through the exchange of saliva and chewing on toys. (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 62. ( 22.orig.) Neisseria meningitidis is a serious cause of bacterial infection which
 3) + Can result in septicaemia (nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 63. ( 25.orig.) A 8 year old girl was playing in a slowly moving stream when she cut her foot on a sharp object. Three days later she was brought to the emergency room of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital hospital because of pain and swelling at the site of the wound and drainage of pus from it. The most likely cause of the infection is
 1) + Aeromonas hydrophila(nezaškrtl-a)
 2) - Proteus mirabilis(zaškrtl-a)
 3) + Vibrio vulnificus(nezaškrtl-a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 65. ( 26.orig.) All of the following statements regarding the epidemiology of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica are correct EXCEPT:
 1) + Person to person spread is quite common (nezaškrtl-a)
 4) - Humans acquire the infection from ingestion of food or drinks contaminated by animals or animal products. (zaškrtl-a)